Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906) is widely regarded as the father of modern drama and one of the most influential playwrights in literary history. Born in Skien, Norway, Ibsen spent much of his early life in poverty, a theme that would later influence his work. After beginning his career writing historical and poetic dramas, he shifted to a more realistic style, crafting plays that explored societal norms, human psychology, and personal identity. His works, including A Doll House, Hedda Gabler, and An Enemy of the People, revolutionized the theater with their unflinching portrayal of social issues and complex characters.

Ibsen’s impact on literature and culture cannot be overstated. His bold critiques of traditional values and his exploration of themes like gender roles, individuality, and the pursuit of truth made him a pioneer of modernism. By creating dynamic, flawed characters who challenged societal expectations, Ibsen paved the way for contemporary drama and inspired countless playwrights and thinkers.

His plays remain as powerful and relevant today as they were over a century ago, continuing to provoke thought and ignite conversation around the world.